Computing Ideas Final Exam

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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Which of the following are true statements about digital certificates in Web browsers?
I. Digital certificates are used to verify the ownership of encrypted keys used in secure communication.
II. Digital certificates are used to verify that the connection to a Web site is fault tolerant.

a.	I only	c.	I and II
b.	II only	d.	Neither I nor II

Which of the following is the proper format for an HTML tag?

a.	>h1<Content Affected by Tag >/h1<	c.	<h1 Content Affected by Tag />
b.	<h1>Content Affected by Tag<h1>	d.	<h1>Content Affected by Tag</h1>

Which of the following is an example of an HTML tag?

a.	<h3>	c.	text-align: left;
b.	color: blue;	d.	class="animal"

A city government is attempting to reduce the digital divide between groups with differing access to computing and the Internet.

Which of the following actions is LEAST likely to be effective in this purpose?

a.	Holding basic computer classes at community centers	c.	Putting helpful tips for operating computers on the city government website
b.	Providing free wireless Internet connections at locations in low-income neighborhoods	d.	Requiring that every school and library have assistive devices that allow people with disabilities to access computer resources

Which binary value is equal to the decimal number 7₁₀?

a.	7₂	c.	101₂
b.	111₂	d.	1111111₂

Two computers are built by different manufacturers. One is running a Web server and the other is running a Web browser. Which of the following best describes whether these two computers can communicate with each other across the Internet?

a.	The computers cannot communicate, because different manufacturers use different communication protocols.	c.	The computers can communicate directly only if the messages consist of text. Other formats cannot be interpreted across computers.
b.	The computers can communicate, but additional hardware is needed to convert data packets from one computer’s protocol to the other computer’s protocol.	d.	The computers can communicate directly because Internet communication uses standard protocols that are used by all computers on the Internet.

In this code, how many times is the dance function called and how many times is it defined?

function start() {
    move();
    dance();
    move();
    move();
    turnLeft();
    dance();
    dance();
}

function dance() {
    turnLeft();
    move();
    turnLeft();
    turnLeft();
    move();
    turnLeft();
}

a.	Called 1 time, defined 1 time	c.	Called 3 times, defined 1 time
b.	Called 1 time, defined 3 times	d.	Called 3 times, defined 3 times

If Karel starts at Street 1 and Avenue 1, facing East, where will Karel be, and what direction will Karel be facing after running the following code? (Assume the world is 10x10 in size)

move();
turnLeft();
putBall();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
turnLeft();
move();
turnLeft();

a.	Street 3, Avenue 1, Facing North	c.	Street 1, Avenue 3, Facing South
b.	Street 1, Avenue 4, Facing North	d.	Street 1, Avenue 3, Facing North

An IPv4 address has 32 bits, so there are 232 (over 4 billion) possible IPv4 addresses. Since the Internet is gaining devices quickly, we will soon surpass 232 unique devices on the Internet.

In anticipation of all the new Internet devices, we are in the process of switching to IPv6, which uses 128 bits for a single address. That’s 96 extra bits to represent one address!

Which of the following statements correctly describes how many more addresses will be possible to represent by switching from IPv4 to IPv6?

a.	96 more addresses can be represented with IPv6	c.	96 times as many addresses can be represented with IPv6
b.	2₉₆ more addresses can be represented with IPv6	d.	2₉₆ times as many addresses can be represented with IPv6

10.

Which of the following statements are true about styling your web pages with CSS:

I. Styling with CSS is more scalable than using style= on each HTML tag that you want to style
II. You can create styles with CSS that are not possible using style= on an HTML tag

a.	I only	c.	I and II
b.	II only	d.	Neither I nor II

11.

Which of the following are examples of encoding information?
I. Every item for sale in a store has a corresponding barcode number
II. Areas within the United States being assigned a zip code
III. Students at a school having a unique student identification number

a.	I only	c.	II and III only
b.	I and II only	d.	I, II, and III

12.

Suppose you have the following CSS rules:

p {
    color: green;
}

.fire {
    color: red;
}

#title {
    color: blue;
}
What font color will the following HTML element have after being styled by the given CSS:

<p class="title">My First Paragraph</p>

a.	red	c.	green
b.	blue	d.	black

13.

An image is hosted at
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Big_and_little_dog.jpg
Which of the following is the proper HTML code to display this image on your webpage?

a.	<a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Big_and_little_dog.jpg">Image</a>	c.	<img>https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Big_and_little_dog.jpg</img>
b.	<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Big_and_little_dog.jpg">	d.	<img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Big_and_little_dog.jpg"></img>

14.

Which of the following is an application of Artificial Intelligence?

a.	Game AI’s	c.	Recognizing handwriting
b.	Foreign language translation	d.	All of the choices here

15.

Which of the following is a true statement about data compression?

a.	Data compression is only useful for files being transmitted over the Internet.	c.	Sending a compressed version of a file ensures that no one can read the contents of the file except for the intended recipient.
b.	Regardless of the compression technique being used, once a data file is compressed, it cannot be restored back to its original state.	d.	There are trade-offs involved in choosing a compression technique for storing and transmitting data.

16.

An online store uses 8-bit binary values to identify each unique item for sale. The store plans to increase number of items it sells and is considering changing to 9-bit binary values.

Which of the following best describes the result of using 9-bit values instead of 8-bit values?

a.	2 more items can be uniquely identified	c.	2 times as many items can be uniquely identified
b.	9 more items can be uniquely identified	d.	2⁹ times as many items can be uniquely identified

17.

In the following code, what would be a good Postcondition to write?

/* Precondition: Karel is on a spot with a tennis ball facing East
* Postcondition: ...
*/
function getOnTop() {
    turnLeft();
    move();
    turnRight();
}

a.	Karel is on a spot with a tennis ball facing north	c.	Karel is on the same position but on top of a ball
b.	Karel ends one spot above a tennis ball facing East	d.	Karel is facing East

18.

A user enters a Web address in a browser, and a request for a file is sent to a Web server. Which of the following best describes how the file is sent back to the user?

a.	The file is broken into packets and sent over a network. The packets must be reassembled by the user’s computer when they are received. If any packets are missing, the browser re-requests the missing packets.	c.	The server attempts to connect directly to the user’s computer. If the connection is successful, the entire file is sent at once. If the connection is unsuccessful, an error message is sent to the user.
b.	The file is broken into packets and sent over a network. The user’s browser must request each packet, in order, until all packets are received.	d.	The server repeatedly attempts to connect directly to the user’s computer until a connection is made. Once the connection is made, the entire file is sent.

19.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to indicate a phishing attack?

a.	An email from a website asks that you click on a link to reset your password.	c.	An email from your water utility company asks you to enter your date of birth and social security number for verification purposes.
b.	An email from your bank asks you to call the number on your card to verify a transaction.	d.	An email indicates you have won money, and asks you to enter your bank account number so the money can be transferred

20.

Which of the following statements is something the operating system of a computer is responsible for doing?

a.	Managing memory allocation for all applications.	c.	Allowing the user to access the internet.
b.	Providing a way for the user to create text documents.	d.	Allowing the user to write programs.

21.

Suppose you are making a music streaming website and you want to make a page that displays a user’s music library.

Which of the following is the proper HTML code to create the following table:

a.	<table border="1"> <tr> <td>Title</td> <td>Artist</td> <td>Length</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Memory</td> <td>Tom Misch</td> <td>5:41</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CD Jam</td> <td>Rooney Pitchford</td> <td>3:55</td> </tr> </table>	c.	<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Artist</th> <th>Length</th> </tr> <tr> <td>CD Jam</td> <td>Rooney Pitchford</td> <td>3:55</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Memory</td> <td>Tom Misch</td> <td>5:41</td> </tr> </table>
b.	<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Title</th> <th>CD Jam</th> <th>Memory</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Artist</td> <td>Rooney Pitchford</td> <td>Tom Misch</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Length</td> <td>3:55</td> <td>5:41</td> </tr> </table>	d.	<table border="1"> <tr> <th>Title</th> <td>CD Jam</td> <td>Memory</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Artist</th> <td>Rooney Pitchford</td> <td>Tom Misch</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Length</th> <td>3:55</td> <td>5:41</td> </tr> </table>

22.

Which of the following is the correct way to define a turnRight function in Karel?

a.	function turnRight() { turnLeft(); turnLeft(); turnLeft(); }	c.	function turnright { turnLeft(); turnLeft(); turnLeft(); }
b.	function turnRight() { turnRight(); turnRight(); turnRight(); }	d.	turnRight function() { turnLeft(); turnLeft(); turnLeft(); }

23.

A student is transferring photos from her camera to her computer. The student notices that the saved photos on her computer are lower quality than the original raw photo on her camera.

Which of the following could be a possible explanation for the difference in image quality?

a.	The saved image files were compressed with a lossy compression technique.	c.	The saved image files were not compressed properly.
b.	The saved image files were compressed with a lossless compression technique.	d.	Some information is lost every time a file is saved on a computer.

24.

CSS rules have a selector that defines which HTML elements the rule applies to.

We’ve learned about the following CSS Selectors:

Select by tag name
Select by class name
Select by id name
Which of the following ranks the selectors from highest priority to lowest priority?

a.	Select by tag name, select by class name, select by id name	c.	Select by id name, select by class name, select by tag name
b.	Select by id name, select by tag name, select by class name	d.	Select by class name, select by id name, select by tag name

25.

Which of the following choices lists the three main components of a computer’s hardware?

a.	CPU, Memory, Motherboard	c.	Processor, Binary, RAM
b.	CPU, Flash memory, Processor	d.	Input devices, Output devices, Motherboard

26.

What is generated from the following HTML code:

<h1>Hello</h1>
<h3>Hello</h3>
<h6>Hello</h6>

a.	Hello Hello Hello	c.	Hello Hello Hello
b.	Hello Hello Hello	d.	Hello Hello Hello

27.

Which of the following devices is the device that connects all of the physical components of a computer together?

a.	CPU	c.	Logic
b.	Memory	d.	Motherboard

28.

If x represents the area of the number line colored blue, which inequality accurately reflects the value of x?

a.	x < 6	c.	x >= 6
b.	x > 6	d.	x <= 6

29.

Karel the Dog is instructed to move forward three spaces. Then, if Karel is standing on a ball, Karel will turn left and move forward two spaces. Otherwise, Karel will turn around and move forward three spaces. Given the starting point below, where will Karel end up?
Starting Point:

a.		c.
b.		d.

30.

Which of the following is a valid CSS rule?

a.	h1 { color: blue; }	c.	h1 { color="blue"; }
b.	<h1> { color: blue; }	d.	h1 { color=blue; }

31.

How many different values can be represented using 4 bits?

a.	4 different values	c.	16 different values
b.	8 different values	d.	32 different values

32.

A computer program uses 3 bits to represent integers. When the program adds the decimal (base 10) numbers 6 and 2, the result is 0. Which of the following is the best explanation for this result?

a.	An overflow error occurred.	c.	An off-by-one error occurred.
b.	A round-off error occurred.	d.	The result was affected by lossy data compression.

33.

What is the decimal value of 1111₂?

a.	13₁₀	c.	12₁₀
b.	15₁₀	d.	1.101₁₀

34.

ASCII is a character encoding scheme that uses a numeric value to represent each character.

For example, the uppercase letter ‘G’ is represented by the binary (base 2) value 0100 0111, which is equivalent to the decimal (base 10) value 71.

A subset of characters and their corresponding ASCII values are shown in the table below:

ASCII characters can also be represented by hexadecimal (base 16) numbers. According to the ASCII character encoding, which of the following characters is represented by the hexadecimal (base 16) number 6E₁₆

a.	n	c.	k
b.	N	d.	E

35.

What is wrong with this for loop?

for (var i = 0, i < 10, i + 1) {
move();
}

a.	The for loop uses commas instead of semicolons	c.	Both
b.	It should say i++ instead of i + 1	d.	Neither

36.

Which of the following would pose the greatest threat to a user’s personal privacy if it were to be leaked to the public?

a.	The IP address of the user’s computer	c.	The user’s email address
b.	The user’s browser cookies	d.	The user’s public key used for encryption

37.

Suppose we have the following function that modifies a pixel and returns the result:

var RED = 0;
var GREEN = 1;
var BLUE = 2;

function filter(pixel) {
    pixel[RED] = 255 - pixel[RED];
    pixel[GREEN] = 255 - pixel[GREEN];
    pixel[BLUE] = 255 - pixel[BLUE];

    return pixel;
}
Which of the following best describes the result of applying this filter to every pixel in the image?

a.	The image will be grayscaled to a black and white image.	c.	The image will look slightly brighter.
b.	The image will look slightly darker.	d.	The image will be inverted, bright pixels will become dark and dark pixels will become bright.

38.

Karel starts at Street 1 and Avenue 1, facing East. After calling the stairStep function twice, where will Karel be and what direction will Karel be facing? (assume this is a SuperKarel program and the world is 10x10 in size)

function stairStep() {
    move();
    turnLeft();
    move();
    turnRight();
}

a.	Street 2, Avenue 2, Facing North	c.	Street 3, Avenue 3, Facing West
b.	Street 3, Avenue 3, Facing East	d.	Street 4, Avenue 4, Facing East

39.

Karel starts at Street 1, Avenue 1, facing East in a 5x5 world. What will happen after this code runs?

move();
putBall();
move();
move();
move();
move();
move();

a.	Karel will end on Street 1, Avenue 2	c.	This code won’t run because of a syntax error
b.	Karel will end on Street 1, Avenue 7	d.	Karel will crash into a wall

40.

Which of the following describes a task effectively broken into smaller parts?
I. Building a tree house by making a building plan, getting supplies and tools, and creating the base
II. Reading a book on programming
III. Comparing different walking shoes

a.	I only	c.	II and III
b.	I and II	d.	I, II, and III

41.

A news website uses 32-bit integers to count the number of times an article has been viewed.

The website is becoming more popular, and expects some of the articles to exceed the number of views that can be represented with 32 bits. In anticipation of this, the website is planning to change to 64-bit integers for the view counter.

Which of the following best describes the result of using 64-bit integers instead of 32-bit integers?

a.	2 times as many values can be represented	c.	2³² times as many values can be represented
b.	32 times as many values can be represented	d.	32² times as many values can be represented

42.

Which number system is used to store information digitally in a computer?

a.	Decimal (base 10)	c.	Octal (base 8)
b.	Binary (base 2)	d.	Hexadecimal (base 16)

43.

What is top down design?

a.	Top down design is a way of designing your program by starting with the biggest problem and breaking it down into smaller and smaller pieces that are easier to solve.	c.	Top down design is a way that you can create designs on a computer to put on a web page
b.	Top down design is a way of designing your programs starting with the individual commands first	d.	Top down design is a way to use loops and if statements to decompose the problem

44.

Consider the following numbers:

The decimal value 10₁₀
The binary value 1001₂
Hexadecimal value C₁₆
Which of the following lists the numbers in order from least to greatest?

a.	1001, 10, C	c.	10, C, 1001
b.	10, 1001, C	d.	C, 1001, 10

45.

Which of the following best describes the difference between the domain and path of a URL?

a.	The domain specifies where the browser’s request should be sent. The path specifies exactly what file is being requested.	c.	The domain specifies the name of the file being requested. The path specifies what kind of file is being requested.
b.	The domain specifies what kind of file is being requested. The path specifies the name of the file being requested.	d.	The domain specifies exactly what file is being requested. The path specifies where the browser’s request should be sent.

46.

How many different digits are used in the Hexadecimal number system?

a.	2	c.	8
b.	10	d.	16

47.

Which of the following classifies as metadata about a webpage?

a.	The tags that make up the body of the webpage	c.	A list on a webpage
b.	A table on a webpage	d.	The title of the webpage

48.

Which of the following statements are true about the Internet?
I - The Internet connects devices and networks all over the world
II - Widespread use of the Internet has led to concerns around privacy and copyright
III - The Internet helps people communicate
IV - All of the world has access to the Internet

a.	I, III and IV	c.	I and II only
b.	I, II, and III	d.	I, II, III, IV

49.

The RGB encoding scheme encodes a color using 24 bit sequences. The first 8 bits encode the amount of red in the color, the next 8 bits encode the amount of green in the color, and the last 8 bits encode the amount of blue in the color.

Which of the following is a true statement about the color encoded by this binary sequence:

1110 1001
0111 1100
0000 1111

a.	This color is mostly red.	c.	This color is mostly blue.
b.	This color is mostly green.	d.	This color has no blue in it.

50.

What is the domain of this URL:

www.example.com/home.html

a.	www	c.	example.com
b.	home.html	d.	HTML